WEEK 14 - Thursday

ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

            Based on the mini project development it can be analysed the problem that occurs during the project progress. The main problem on this project is the hardware doesn’t working and fuction as well as in simulation. During the hardware development, the microcontroller seems not operating and the LCD light on but only display the blank screen with no word on the screen. So, to prevent this problem occur again in the future the troubleshooting based on the coding is checked. There is no error was found. The circuit is constructed with very basic component to make sure all components are test and worked. The circuit is including four push button as input, IC8051 with basic component, and LCD which based in proteus simulation. So the connection on the hardware is checked to make sure the circuit is connected. The result of the trouble shooting is there is no problem on the connection circuit. Then LCD is checked because of the sensitivity of it. However the LCD only light on with no word on it again. So to short the time taken on the circuit, the IC 8951 is change to silicon lab toolstick850 in the hope the changing of the microcontroller can function the circuit. As for the silicon lab toolstick850 the other problem occur is adjustment of port used due to the port for IC 8051 in proteus is not the same with silicon lab toolstick850. The same problem occur again when silicon lab toolstick850 is connect to the circuit, the LCD didn’t display well. All the project progress, video, picture and final result was publish on our blog addressed at, http://digitalspeedometer.blogspot.com.

CONCLUSION

To be conclude, the objective of the mini project has not been achieved with the failure on the hardware development. However, this project provide a meaning lesson and experience on the programming project. This mini project encouraged students to do a lot of research about the C language on how to program a simple project. Moreover, student also can developed the skill to make hardware as an application of microcontroller system. So, students must be well prepared in terms of programming knowledge and hands on for the hardware. The project must be simulated first before hardware is work on. This is important because to troubleshoot in simulation is quite easy as being compared with trouble shooting on the hardware. Only when the simulation is completed and done, then the hardware can be continued progress to develop. This project give students lot of knowledge not just on how to coding a program but are also exposed with the electronics devices and components such as LCD, resistors, capacitors, microcontroller and etc. As the microcontroller silicon lab toolstick850 is quite more challenging than IC 8951. Lastly, this project really helpful for the students and can be applied for the future career.

WEEK 14 - Thursday

Well after the trouble shooting on the circuit, LCD didn't display the word. connection on the circuit is seem to be correct but there is still error on the LCD display even though we change the LCD.


Circuit with IC 8951:

Circuit with microcontroller toolstick 850:

WEEK 13 - Friday

Circuit for Toolstick 850

There is a change of port when the toolstick 850 is used. Toolstick 850 only consists a port P0, P1 and P2. Because of the pin is limited there a few changes on coding and circuit as well. for the toolstick 850 circuit we used 4 bit rather than 8 bit cause by the limitation on the pin port of the toolstick. We also change from 4 switch button to 2 switch button that already have in toolstick 850.


Circuit:

Coding:

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Includes

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#include <reg51.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#define lcd_clear 0x01

#define return_home 0x02

#define dec_cursor 0x04

#define inc_cursor 0x06

#define display_shift_left 0x05

#define display_shift_right 0x07

#define disp_off_cursor_off 0xE0

#define disp_on_cursor_off 0x0C

#define disp_on_cursor_blink 0x0F

#define shift_left_cursor 0x10

#define shift_right_cursor 0x1C

#define first_line 0x80

#define second_line 0xC0

#define lcd_2line 0x38

#define lcd_4bit 0x28

#define lcd_goto1 lcd_command(first_line)

#define lcd_goto2 lcd_command(second_line)

#define lcd_clr lcd_command(lcd_clear)

#define LCD_port P0

sbit RS = P0^1;

sbit EN = P0^2;

sbit SW1 = P1^7;

sbit SW2 = P2^1;

//const unsigned char set_lcd_4bit[7]={0x20, 0x20, 0x80, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x60};

// ------ Private variable definitions ------------------------

signed char buf[20];

void delay_display(unsigned int gap)

{

unsigned int i, j;

for(i=0; i<gap; i++)

 for(j=0; j<200; j++);

}

//**********delay function**********//

void delay_cycle(unsigned int interval)

{

        unsigned int i, j;

        for(i=0; i<interval; i++)

        {

                for(j=0; j<20; j++);

        }

}

//**********LCD Program**********//

void send_nibble(unsigned char value)

{

LCD_port=(LCD_port&0x0F)|(value&0x0F0);

EN=1;

delay_cycle(7);

EN=0;

LCD_port=(LCD_port&0x0F)|((value<<4)&0x0F0);

EN=1;

delay_cycle(7);

EN=0;

}

void lcd_command(unsigned char value)

{

RS=0;

delay_cycle(1);

send_nibble(value);

return;

}

void lcd_data(unsigned char value)

{

RS=1;

delay_cycle(1);

send_nibble(value);

return;

}

void lcd_init(void)

{

LCD_port =0x0F0;

lcd_command(0x33);

lcd_command(0x32);

lcd_command(lcd_4bit); // 4 bit mode

lcd_command(shift_left_cursor); // shift cursor left

lcd_command(inc_cursor); // increment cursor

lcd_command(disp_on_cursor_off); // display on cursor off

lcd_command(lcd_clear); // clear LCD

delay_cycle(20);

}

void lcd_putc(unsigned char c)

{

if(c=='\f')

        lcd_command(0x01);

else if(c=='\n')

        lcd_command(0xC0);

else

        lcd_data(c);

}

void lcd_puts(unsigned char *txt)

{

unsigned char limit=0;

while(*txt)

lcd_putc(*txt++);

}

void lcd_goto(unsigned char line, unsigned char column)

{

if(line==1){lcd_command(first_line+column);}

if(line==2){lcd_command(second_line+column);}

}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// main() Routine

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

void main(void)

{

        unsigned int x=0,n=0, y=0;

        lcd_init();

        lcd_goto1;

        lcd_puts("  HAFIZ  ");

        delay_display(250);

        lcd_goto2;

        lcd_puts("  SYAFIQ   ");

        delay_display(500);

        lcd_command(0x01);

        lcd_goto1;

        lcd_puts("    DIGITAL   ");

        delay_display(250);

        lcd_goto2;

        lcd_puts("   SPEEDOMETER");

        delay_display(300);

        lcd_command(0x01);

        while(1)

        {

                lcd_goto1;

                lcd_puts("  KM/H = ");

                sprintf(buf,"%d",y);

                lcd_puts(buf);

                if (SW1==0)

                {

                        n++;

                        delay_display(100);

                        if(n<=1)                        

                        {y=20;}        

                        else if(n<=2)                        

                        {y=40;}

                        

                        else if(n<=3)

                        {y=60;}

                        else if(n<=4)

                        {y=80;}

                        else if(n<=5)

                        {y=100;}

                        else if(n<=6)

                        {y=120;}

                        else if(n<=7)

                        {y=140;}

}

    

if (SW2==0)

                {

                        n++;

                        delay_display(100);

                        if(n<=8)

                        {y=140;}

         

                        else if(n<=9)                  

                        {y=120;}

      

                        else if(n<=10)

                        {y=100;}

                        if(n<=11)

                        {y=80;}

                        else if(n<=12)

                        {y=60;}

                        else if(n<=13)

                        {y=40;}

                        else if(n<=14)

                        {y=20;}

                        else if(n<=15)

                        {y=0;}

                }

        }

}

WEEK 13 - Wednesday

For this mini project, we used 2 different microcontroller which are IC 8951 and TOOLSTICK 850-B-SK. All the coding for these two types of microcontroller are the same. After all the objective for using two microcontroller is as back up if anything happen at the IC during the project is conducted. Also these IC's have different way to burn the coding as the IC 8951 need a burner to copy the program coding while TOOLSTICK 850-B-SK have already USB port on it.

• Circuit with IC 8951

• Circuit with TOOLSTICK 850-B-SK

WEEK 12 - Wedneeday

This week, we are trying to solder the circuit to breadboard. The type of breadboard that we use is donut breadboard.

this is the link for the soldering video:

https://youtu.be/y91K7H9sI1k

https://youtu.be/KFYlOWm8HXg

WEEK 12 - Monday

The simulation for the digital simulation has been successful. The LCD display all the coding of the 5 different push button. For push button 1 it will display our name, push button 2 will display 'ENGINE START 0 KM/H', push button 3 will display 'SLOW SPEED 40 KM/H', push button 4 will display 'NORMAL SPEED 80 KM/H' and lastly push button 5 will display 'HIGHWAY TOP SPEED 110 KM/H'.

Simulation of Digital Speedometer

WEEK 11 - Sunday

For the coding it take a lot of time and even us have to change the circuit from using the sensor to push buttons. By using the push buttons we manage to construct the coding successfully. We set the coding of 4 push buttons differently as the output display from LCD will show with low speed to high speed.


Coding:

// DIGITAL SPEEDOMETER
// MR HAFIZZULLAH AND MR SYAFIQ
// MICRO C MINI PROJECT

#include <reg51.h>

sfr LCD_port = 0xA0; //port 2
sbit RS = P3^0;
sbit RW = P3^1;
sbit EN = P3^2;
sbit SW1 = P1^0; //push button 1
sbit SW2 = P1^1; //push button 2
sbit SW3 = P1^2; //push button 3
sbit SW4 = P1^3; //push button 4
sbit SW5 = P1^4; //push button 5

void delay_ms (int ms)
{
int i, j;
for (i=0; i<ms; i++)
for (j=0; j<100; j++);
}

void lcd_command(unsigned char value)
{
LCD_port = value;
RS = 0;
RW = 0;
EN = 1;
delay_ms(1);
EN = 0;
}

void lcd_init(void)
{
LCD_port = 0;

delay_ms(15);
lcd_command(0x30);
delay_ms(5);
lcd_command(0x30);
delay_ms(1);
lcd_command(0x30);
delay_ms(1);
lcd_command(0x30); //set to 8-bit mode operation
delay_ms(15);
lcd_command(0x30);
delay_ms(5);
lcd_command(0x30);
delay_ms(1);
lcd_command(0x30);
delay_ms(1);
lcd_command(0x30);

lcd_command(0x38); //function set: 8-bit mode, 2 lines, 5x7 font
lcd_command(0x10); //shift cursor position to left
lcd_command(0x06); //increment cursor (shift to right)
lcd_command(0x0C); //display ON, cursor OFF

lcd_command(0x01); //clear display
delay_ms(5);
}

void lcd_data(unsigned char value)
{
LCD_port = value;
RS = 1;
RW = 0;
EN = 1;
delay_ms(1);
EN = 0;
}

void lcd_position(unsigned char line, unsigned char column)
{
unsigned char position;

if (line == 1)
{
position = 0x80 + column;
lcd_command(position);
}
if (line == 2)
{
position = 0xC0 + column;
lcd_command(position);
}
}

void lcd_putchar(unsigned char c)
{
if (c == '\f')
lcd_command(0x01);
else if (c == '\n')
lcd_command(0xC0);
else
lcd_data(c);
}

void lcd_puts(unsigned char *txt)
{
while(*txt)
lcd_putchar(*txt++);
}

void main(void)
{

if (SW1 == 0 )
{
char text1[] = "HAFIZZULLAH";
char text2[] = "SYAFIQ";

lcd_init();

lcd_puts(text1);
lcd_position(2,5);
lcd_puts(text2);
}

if (SW2 == 0)
// while(1)
 {
char text3[] = "ENGINE START";
char text4[] = "0 KM/H";


lcd_init();

lcd_puts(text3);
lcd_position(2,3);
lcd_puts(text4);
}

else
if (SW3 == 0)
//while(1)
 {
char text5[] = "SLOW SPEED";
char text6[] = "40 KM/H";


lcd_init();

lcd_puts(text5);
lcd_position(2,3);
lcd_puts(text6);
}

else
if (SW4 == 0)
// while(1)
 {
char text7[] = "NORMAL SPEED";
char text8[] = "80 KM/H";


lcd_init();

lcd_puts(text7);
lcd_position(2,3);
lcd_puts(text8);
}
else
if (SW5 == 0)
// while(1)
 {
char text9[] = "HIHWAY TOP SPEED";
char text10[] = "110 KM/H";


lcd_init();

lcd_puts(text9);
lcd_position(2,3);
lcd_puts(text10);
}
}

WEEK 10 - Saturday

Hardware:

1. TOOLSTICK 850-B-SK

The TOOLSTICK850-B-SK starter kit is a very low cost, easy to use development system that allows designers to develop and debug application firmware directly on the target C8051F85x/6x microcontrollers using the Silicon Labs IDE. The C8051F85x/6x is a highly integrated AEC-Q100 qualified microcontroller product family without any compromise on features or performance. The ToolStick development platform consists of two components, the ToolStick base adapter and a daughter card. The ToolStick base adapter provides a USB debug interface and data communications path between a Windows PC and a target microcontroller. The target microcontroller and application circuitry are located on the daughter card. Some daughter cards, such as the C8051F850 daughter card are used as general purpose development platforms for the target microcontrollers and some are used to demonstrate a specific feature or application.

• Pushbutton switches, current measure jumper, power LED and potentiometer
• 25MIPS 8051 core
• 2KB to 8KB flash
• 512Byte/256Byte RAM options
• 12bit, 200KSPS multi channel ADC
• Integrated 24.5MHz (±2% accuracy) oscillator
• Integrated 80KHz low frequency oscillator
• Up to 18 GPIO's
• Two analog comparators
• Precision voltage reference

    

    2. LCD 16x2

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in various devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over seven segments and other multi segment LEDs. The reasons being: LCDs are economical; easily programmable; have no limitation of displaying special & even custom characters (unlike in seven segments), animations and so on.

A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data.

The command register stores the command instructions given to the LCD. A command is an instruction given to LCD to do a predefined task like initializing it, clearing its screen, setting the cursor position, controlling display etc. The data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the character to be displayed on the LCD.

3. Resistor

A passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. Resistors act to reduce current flow, and, at the same time, act to lower voltage levels within circuits.  Resistors are used to limit current flow, to adjust signal levels, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines among other uses.

4. Capacitor

A passive two-terminal electrical component used to store electrical energy temporarily in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors (plates) separated by a dielectric. Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices. Unlike a resistor, an ideal capacitor does not dissipate energy. Instead, a capacitor stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field between its plates.

5. Switch button

An electrical component that can break an electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another.

6. Crystal Oscillator

An electronic oscillator circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a precise frequency. This frequency is commonly used to keep track of time, as in quartz, to provide a stable clock signal for digital integrated circuits.

7. Battery 5V

 A device consisting of two or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Each cell has a positive terminal, or cathode, and a negative terminal, or anode. The terminal marked positive is at a higher electrical potential energy than is the terminal marked negative. The terminal marked positive is the source of electrons that when connected to an external circuit will flow and deliver energy to an external device. When a battery is connected to an external circuit,electrolytes are able to move as ions within, allowing the chemical reactions to be completed at the separate terminals and so deliver energy to the external circuit.

WEEK 10 - Tuesday

Schematic circuit:

The circuit show micro controller, an LCD 16x2, reset button circuit, switch buttons circuit and crystal circuit. The circuit is design using Proteus 7 Professional.

WEEK 9 - Wednesday

Hardware and component listing: